Content Outline

Massachusetts Science Framework Standard/s

Concepts Objective

Associated Mathematics Skills

Prerequisite skills

IV. Work, Power, and Machines

   A. Work and Power

     1. Define Work

       a. Motion and  direction

     2. Calculate

       a. Formula and units

     3. Power

       a. Calculate

       b. Formula and units

   B. Work and Machines

      1. Define machines

        a. Multiply force

        b. Multiply distance

        c. Change direction

      2. Work Input and Work Output 

         a. Input Force and Input Distance

         b. Output Force and Output Distance

   C. Mechanical Advantage and Efficiency

      1. Define Mechanical Advantage

         a. Actual Mechanical Advantage

           aa. Formula and Calculating

         b. Ideal Mechanical Advantage

           bb. Formula and Calculating

       2. Define Efficiency

         a. Formula and Calculating

  D. Simple Machines

      1. Levers

        a. Define

        b. Three classes and examples

        c. Mechanical  Advantages, efficiency, work, force, power 

     2. Wheel and Axle

        a. Define

        b. Examples

        c. Mechanical Advantages, efficiency,

            work, force, power

      3. Inclined Plane

        a. Define

        b. Examples

        c. Mechanical Advantages, efficiency,

            work, force , power

      4. Wedge

        a. Define

        b. Examples

        c. Mechanical Advantages, efficiency,

             work, force. power

      5. Screws

         a. Define

         b. Examples

         c. Mechanical Advantage, efficiency,

             work, force, power 

      6. Pulleys

        a. Define

        b. Types

          1. Fixed

          2. Movable

          3. Systems

        c. Examples

       d. Calculate Mechanical Advantages,

          efficiency, work, force, power 

   E. Compound Machines

       a. Define

      b. Examples

2.4 Describe the relationship among energy, work, and power both conceptually and quantitatively

2.6 Identify appropriate standard international units of measurement for energy, work, power, and momentum

· Define work and power

· Describe the relationship between work and power both conceptually and quantitatively.

· Calculate work and power using proper SI units.

· Explain the three ways that a machine can make work easier.

·                 Calculate ideal mechanical advantage.

· Calculate actual mechanical advantage.

· Explain why actual mechanical advantage is always less than ideal mechanical advantage.

· Relate work input to work output and calculate the efficiency of a machine.

· Explain why the efficiency of a machine is always less than 100%.

· Name and describe the six simple machines.

· Determine the mechanical advantage of the six simple machines.

·                 Recognize that a compound machine is a combination of two or more simple machines.

· Be able to solve for the variables and supply appropriate units in each of the following formulae:

· W = F x D

  Where:

   W = work

    F = force

    D = distance

· R x D_r = E x D_e 

  Where:

   R = resistance

   D_r = resistance    distance 

    E = effort

    D_e = effort distance   

· IMA = D_e/ D_r

  Where:

  D_e = effort distance

  D_r= resistance  distance

_·AMA= R/E_actual

  Where:

  R = resistance

  E_actual= Actual effort

· Efficiency= AMA/IMA x 100

· Power=work/time

Formula translocations

Basic algebraic skills