Content Outline

Massachusetts Science Framework Standard/s

Concepts Objective

Associated Mathematics Skills

Prerequisite skills

XVII. Acids, Bases and Salts

        A.  Properties of Acids and Bases

           1. Taste

           2. Touch

           3. Reaction with metals

           4. Electrical conductivity

        B. Indicators

        C. Neutralization reactions

        D. Arrhenius acids and bases

        E. Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases

        F.  hydronium ion

        G. Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

        H. Dissociation constant

           1. Acids

           2. Bases

        I. Salts

          1. Properties

          2. Formation

             a. Strong acids and strong bases

            b. Strong acids and weak bases

            c. Weak acids and strong bases

            d. Weak acids and weak bases

        J. Acids

          1. Binary acids

          2. Oxy acids

          3. Carboxylic acids

       K. Bases

          1. anions

          2. amines

      L. Self-ionization of water

          1. K_w

     M. pH Scale

          1. pH = -log[H₃O⁺]

      N. Buffers

      O. Acid-Base Titration

         1. weak acid with a strong base

         2.Weak base with a strong acid

8.1 Define Arrhenius’ theory of acids and bases in terms of the presence of hydronium and hydroxide ions, and Bronsted’s theory of acids and bases in terms of proton donor and acceptor, and relate their concentrations to the pH scale.

8.2 Compare and contrast the nature, behavior, concentration and strength of acids and bases.

a. Acid-base neutralization

b. Degree of dissociation or ionization

c. Electrical conductivity

8.3 Identify a buffer and explain how it works.

8.4 Explain how indicators are used in titrations and how they are selected.

· Explain the Arrhenius theory of acids.

· The Bronsted-Lowry theory of acids

· Explain the formation of hydronium ions in acidic solutions.

· Understand the relationships between the hydronium ion concentration, the hydroxide ion concentration, pH, and pOH.

· Understand the pH and pOH scale.

· Explain what a buffer is and how it works.

· Explain how indicators work.

· Perform a titration to determine concentrations of reagents and molecular weights of unknown compounds.

· Algebraic manipulations

· Logarithms

· pH = -log [H3O+]

· pOH=-log[OH-]

· pH + pOH = 14

· [H3O+][OH-]=Kw

· Ratios and Proportions