Content Outline

Massachusetts Science Framework Standard/s

Concepts Objective

Associated Mathematics Skills

Prerequisite skills

II STRUCTURE & FUNCTION OF CELLS

(Cell & Living)

 A. Characteristics of living

   a. Irritability

       Stimulus/response

   b. Reproduction

       Sexual, asexual, vegetative

   c. Respiration – production and use of  energy

   d. Growth

       1. life span

   e. Nutrition

       1. autotrophs

       2. heterotrophs

   f. Homeostasis

   g. Metabolism

       1. ingestion

       2. digestion

       3. assimilation

       4. excretion

       5.anabolism

       6. catabolism

   h. Adaptation

   i. Variation

   j. Water requirements

Cytology

1. Cell Theory -

   a. Schleiden - Schwann

   A. organization.

      a. unicellular

      b. colonial

         1. survive best when cooperating with other cells but can survive alone

    B. multicellular

         1. cell specialization

   C. Levels of cell organization

      a. cell

      b. tissue

      c. organs

      d. organ systems

      e. organism

II. Cell types

      A. prokaryotic cell

         1. protoplasm - everything inside the

             cell membrane

            a. have genetic material NOT

                contained in a nucleus

   B. eukaryotic cell – Animal cell

         1. genetic material contained in

            nucleus

         2. Eukaryotic cell structure

            a. cell membrane

               1. fluid-mosaic model

            b. nucleus

         2. cell nucleus

            a. nuclear envelope

            b. nucleolus

            c. nucleoplasm

            d. chromosomes

             1. chromatin vs chromosomes

         3. ribosomes

            a. known as protein factories of cell

               1. free

               2. fixed

         4. mitochondria

            a. known as powerhouse of cell

            b. maternal inheritance

         5. lysosomes

            a. recycle cellular organelles

            b. known as “suicide sac” of cell

         6. Golgi bodies are organelles of

            storage & synthesis for cellular

            secretions

            a. store

            b. secrete

         5. Vacuoles

            a. food vacuoles- the site of

               digestion

            b. store water, salt, protein and

               carbohydrate

            c. water vacuoles (contractile

               vacuoles)- maintain homeostasis &

               water balance in the cell

         8. Centrosome aids in cell division

         9. Endoplasmic Reticulum - highway

            transport system of the cell

           a. rough

            1. synthesize protein

               a. membrane proteins

               b. exported proteins

           b. smooth

            1. enzymes for specialized tasks

               a. detoxification of drugs

               b. lipids of membranes

     10. cytoskeleton- gives support &

            structure to cell

            a. microtubules

               1. hollow

               2. made of tubulins

               3. cilia

               4. flagella

            b. microfilalments

       11. Inclusions

               membrane bound organelles

       12. microvilli

   B. Eukaryotic Cell - Plant cell

        Plant cells have in addition to all

        organelles of eukaryotic animal cells

        Plant cell organelles

          1. cell wall

            a. primary cell wall

               Composition and function

            b. secondary cell wall

               Composition and function

            c. middle lamellae

               Composition and function

         2. plastids

            a. chloroplast

               1. DNA

               2. structure

                   a. thylakoids

                   b. grana

                   c. photosystems – various  pigments

                       that can collect light

            b. chromoplast

            c. leukoplast

            d. amyloplast

            e. elaioplast

         3.Vacuoles

         4. Organelles not found in Plant cells

  C. Virus

         a. Virus structure

         b. Lytic cycle

         c. Origin of viruses

Cellular Transport

1.      Fluid Mosaic Model

      a. Chemical composition of the cell 

          membrane

   2. Types of passive transport are

      a. diffusion

         1. concentration

      b. osmosis

         Osmotic pressure

         1. isotonic

         2. hypotonic

         3. hypertonic

      c. facilitated diffusion

         1. specific

   3. Types of active transport are

      a. endocytosis - process of infolding of

          membrane to take into the cell

         1. phagocytosis

            a. food vacuoles       

      b. pinocytosis

             a. liquid intake

      c. exocytosis

         1. water

2.4 Describe how cells function in a narrow range of physical conditions to perform life functions that help to maintain homeostasis.

2.2 Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of general structures and degrees of complexity.

2.4 Describe how cells function in a narrow range of physical conditions to perform life functions that help to maintain homeostasis

2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions.

2.1 Relate cell parts/organelles to their functions.

2.2 Differentiate between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, in terms of general structures and degrees of complexity.

2.5 Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport).

2.3 Distinguish between plant and animal cells.

2.5 Explain the role of cell membranes as a highly selective barrier (diffusion, osmosis, and active transport).

· To be able to list requirements for a living thing

· To be able to explain seven characteristics of life

· To be able to state how living things are organized

· To differentiate between a response and a behavior

· To understand the structure & biochemical functions of cells.

· To comprehend biological organization from cellular to system level and organisms.

· To distinguish plant and animal cells.

· To comprehend biological organization from cellular to organism level. 

· To distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

· To describe the structure and function of the cell membrane.

· To understand the structure & biochemical functions of cellular organelles.

· To identify and explain the structures and function of the cytoskeleton

· To explain the structure of the cilia and flagella.

· To relate the structure with the functions of the cilia and flagella

· To identify plant and animal cells

· To differentiate plant and animal cells based on organelle structure and function.

· To explain the function of the cell walls that can be found in various structures of a plant

·  

· To explain the structure of chloroplasts & how it relates to its function.

· To explain the function of various plastids found in the plant cell

· To identify the structures associated with a typical virus.

· To explain the lytic cycle

· To explain a possible theory for the origins of viruses.

· To differentiate osmosis & diffusion.

· Explain movement of molecules across a membrane.

· To define homeostasis.

· To explain the movement of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane.

· To explain the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

· To explain the effects of solute concentrations on transport systems of the cell.

· To explain how protein channels function in transport.

· To explain movement of molecules across a membrane

· To differentiate osmosis from diffusion

· To differentiate gated channels from other means of transport