Content Outline

Massachusetts Science Framework Standard/s

Concepts Objective

Associated Mathematics Skills

Prerequisite skills

PLANTS

I. Bryophyta: Moss

      A. Structure

      B. Life cycle 

         1.Alternation of generation

            a. Gametophyte

            b. Sporophyte

II. Pterophyta: Fern

   A. Structures

   B Life Cycle

        1. Alternation of Generation

            a. Gametophyte (n)

            b. Sporophyte (2n)

III. Plant Tissues

   A. Meristematic Tissue

       1. Cells

       2. Apical Meristems

       3. Primary Meristems

          a. Protoderm

          b. Ground meristem

          c. Procambium

       4. Lateral Meristems

          a. Vascular cambium

          b. Cork cambium

       5. Intercalary Meristems

   B. Non-Meristematic Tissues (Simple tissues)

       1. Epidermis

       2. Parenchyma

          a. Chlorenchyma

          b. Aerenchyma

       3. Collenchyma

       4. Sclerenchyma

          a. Sclereids

          b. Fiber

    C. Complex Tissues

       1. Xylem Tissue

          a. Vessel elements

          b. tracheids

        2. Phloem Tissue

          a. Sieve tube cells

          b. Companion cells

      D. Periderm

      E. Secretory Cells

II. Roots

     A. Root Systems

     B. Root tip

          1. Embryological origins

          2. Cellular organization

              a. Function of regions

          3. Maturation Region

             a. Cellular organization

             b. Function of layers

                 aa. Epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, vascular cylinder, pith

          4. Older roots

III. Leaves

     A. Leaf structures

     B. Leaf anatomy

     C. Cellular organization

     D. Functions of layers

     E. Specialized cells

          A. Functions

     F. Vennations

     G. Leaf shapes

     H. Leaf attachments

     I. Specialized leaves

IV. Stems

   A. External Anatomy

   B. Herbaceous

        1. Structural organizations

        2. Cellular organizations

        3. Functions

    C.Herbaceous dicot

        1. Structural organizations

        2. Cellular organizations

        3. Functions

    D. Woody

        1. Structural organizations

        2. Cellular organizations

        3. Functions

        4. Specialized structures

    E. Modified Stems

V. Flower

    A. External anatomy and organization

        1. Monocot

        2. Dicot

    B. Variations of structures

    C. Pollen formation

    D. Ova formation

    E. Pollination

    F. Fertilization (double)

VI. Vegetative reproduction

VII. Fruit

   A.Types of fruit: pome, capsule, drupe, grain, aggregate,etc.

   B. Development of fruit

VIII. Seed Structure

       1.Monocot

       2. Dicot

  A. Embryo structure

       1.Monocot

       2. Dicot

   B. Germination

IX. Plant Growth and Behavior

   A. Internal Factors

        1. hormones

   B. External Factors

        1. Phototropism

           a Photoperiods

        2. Temperature

           a. Dormancy

        3. Moisture

           a.Xerophytes

         b. Hydrophytes

         c. Mesophytes 

   C. Tropisms

         a. Geotropism

         b. Hydrotropism

         c. Thigmotropism

    D. Nastic movements

X. Evolution of Seed Plants 

· To identify the structures of the moss sporophyte

· To identify the structures of the moss gametophyte

· To explain the life cycle of the moss

· To identify the structures of the fern sporophyte

· To identify the structures of the fern gametophyte

· To explain the life cycle of the moss

· To explain the functions of meristematic tissues

· Identify the various types of meristematic tissues, the locations in a plant and the functions of each.

· Explain the importance of undifferentiated cells

 · Identify and describe the various types of simple permanent tissues that are found in a plant.

· Identify and describe the various types of complex permanent tissues found in the plant.

· Describe the function of cork

· Describe the function of secretory cells.

· Identify two types of root systems.

· Describe and label the regions of growth for a root.

· Describe the functions associated with organization of the various tissues in a mature root

· Differentiate between the structural arrangement of a young root and a mature root.

· To be able to label the layers of a typical leaf

· To be able to describe the function/s of the leaf leaves

· Identify the tissues of a leaf and their organization within the leaf

· Explain the use of leaf structures in the exchange of gases and water vapor

· Identify various types of venation

· Identify various leaf arrangements on a stem.

· Identify various type of leaf margins.

· Identify the structures of a leaf

· Identify and label the various layers of a herbaceous stem.

· Identify the functions of the various regions of a herbaceous stem.

· Identify and label the various layers of a herbaceous-dicot stem.

· Identify the functions of the various regions of a herbaceous-dicot  stem

· Identify and label the various layers of a woody stem.

·  Identify the functions of the various regions of a woody stem

· Label the structures of a typical flower

· Explain the functions of the parts of a typical flower

· Describe variations/ modifications that can occur in the structures of a flower.

· Explain pollination

· Explain double fertilization

· Differentiate between pollination and fertilization.

· Explain the formation of the pollen grain.

· Explain the formation of the ova.

· Explain the function of the cells produced after double fertilization

· Identify various forms of fruit

· Explain the formation of the various fruits

· Identify the parts of a monocot seed

· Identify the parts of a dicot seed and their function

· Identify the parts of a embryo plant and their function.

· Explain germination.

· Identify various hormones in a plant and describe their function.

· Explain the various tropisms and their affect on the plant.

· Describe seed plant evolution.

· Plant cytology

· Photosynthesis

· Plant Taxonomy

· Chromosomal number

· Mitosis

· Meiosis