Content Outline

Massachusetts Science Framework Standard/s

Concepts Objective

Associated Mathematics Skills

Prerequisite skills

HUMAN ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

   I. Body organization

      a. cells

         1. specialized

            a. muscle

            b. neuron

      b. tissues

         1. epithelial

         2. connective

         3. muscular

         4. nervous

      c. organ

      d. organ system

      e. organism

  II. Skeletal System

        A. Bone structure

            1.matrix

            2. cellular components

        B. Axial skeleton

               1. skull

               2. vertebral column

               3. rib cage

        C. Appendicular skeleton

               1. arm

               2. leg

               3. pelvis

               4. shoulder area

  III. Muscular System

         A. Function

         B. Muscle types

            1. skeletal

            2. smooth

            3. cardiac

IV. Nervous System

     A. Function

     B. Structure

        a. Neuron

        b Central nervous system

           1. brain

           2. spinal cord

        c. Synapse

        d. Eye

           1.. Structure

           2. Function  

        e.Ear

           1. Function

           2. Structure

V. Integumentary System

    A. Function

    B. Structure

    C. Accessory structures

         a. hair

         b. nails

         c. sweat glands

         d.sebaceous glands

VI.Cardiovascular System

     A. Function

     B. Structure

        a.. heart

        b. artery

        c  capillaries

        d. veins

     D. Lymphatic system

         1. functions

         2. structures

            a. lymph

            b. lymph nodes

            c. lymph vessels

 VII. Respiratory System

       A. Function

       B. Structure

          1. nose

          2. trachea

          3. larynx

             a. vocal cords

          4. lungs

             a. alveoli

          5. breathing

              a. diaphragm

              b. control

VIII. Digestive System

        A. Function

        B. Structure

           1. Mouth

                a. salivary glands

                   aa. amylase

           2. Esophagus

                  a. peristalsis

           3. Stomach

              a. mechanical digestion

              b. chemical digestion

           4. Small intestine

               a. villi

               b.Enzymes

           5. Large intestine

           6.Pancreas

               a. functions

           7.Liver

           8. Gall bladder

              a.bile

IX. Urinary System - excretes metabolic

       A. Function

       B. Structure

   X. Endocrine System

       A. Pituitary gland

            1.Function

               a.. neuro-hormones

               b. ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

               c. oxytocin

               d. STH (somatotrophic hormone)

               e. TSH (thyroid stimulating

                  hormone)

               f. ACTH (adrenocorticotrophin)

               g. FSH (follicle stimulating

                   hormone)

               h. prolactin

               i. LH (leutinizing hormone)

       B.Thyroid

             1.Function

              a. GH (growth hormone)

               b. T₄ (thyroxine)

               c. T₃ (triiodothyroxine

               d. calcitonin

       C. Parathyroid

            1.Function

              a. PTH

       D. Adrenal glands

            1.Function

       E. Pancreas

            1.Function

       F. Gonads

            1.Function

4.1 Explain generally how the digestive system (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum) converts macromolecules from food into smaller molecules that can be used by cells; how the circulatory system (heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood) transports nutrients and oxygen and carbon dioxide; the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, neurons) receives and sends information; and the muscular/skeletal system supports and allows for voluntary and involuntary movement.

4.2 Recognize that the body’s systems interact at the systems level to maintain homeostasis.

· Should be able to:

· Describe the four types of tissue in the human body.

· Name the main body cavities.

· Describe the functions of the skeleton.

· List the part of the skeleton.

.

· Describe the functions of the muscular system.

· List the types of muscle and their location.

· Describe muscle contraction and how it makes the body move

· Describe the functions of the nervous system.

· List the part of the skeleton.

·  Relate the structure of a neuron to its function.

· Identify the parts of the ear responsible for hearing and for maintaining balance.

· Describe the roles of rods and cones in vision.

· Describe the functions of the skin

·  Distinguish between the different layers of skin.

· Describe the functions of the Respiratory System.

· Explain the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen

· Explain the transport of gases, wastes and nutrients by the blood.

· Explain the chemical relationship between taste and smell.

· What are the structures for the digestive system.

· Explain the break down of food materials into useable materials for the organism.

· Explain what occurs to undigestible food materials

· What is the function of the Urinary System

· What is the function of the Endocrine System

·  Explain the difference between an exocrine gland and an endocrine glands.

·  List the major endocrine glands, and describe the function of each.

· Should know the nervous system controls the body and consists of a brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

· Should know humans have five senses of touch, taste, sight, hearing, and smell.

· Should know the eye is the organ of sight.

· Should know the ear is the organ of hearing.

· Should know the nose is the organ of smell.

· Should know the tongue is the organ of taste.

· Should know the skin is the outer covering of the body.

· Should know the skeleton is the framework of the body and gives protection.

· Should know the skeleton is made up of bone & cartilage.

· Should know muscles contract and are responsible for movement.

· Should know muscles are attached to bones.

· Should know the heart is a muscle.

· Should know the circulatory system is the transport system of the body.

· Should know the circulatory system consists of the heart, blood & vessels called arteries & veins.

· Should know breathing is a process of the respiratory system.

· Should know the respiratory system consists of the nose & the lungs.

· Should know the digestive system breaks down food for use by the body.

· Should know the digestive system consists of mouth, stomach & intestines.

· Should know teeth play an important part in breaking up food for digestion.

· Should know the major excretory organ is the kidney

· Should know the male reproductive system produces sperm made in the testes.

· Should know the female reproductive system produces eggs make in the ovaries.

· Should know Fertilization is the process by which the egg & sperm are united.

.